Agricultural Survey

    Holding:
It refers to an economic unit of the agricultural production of crops and livestock. Coming under one management, the holding covers all animals included in it and all lands used fully or in-part for agricultural production, regardless of the ownership, the legal form or the area. The holding may be managed by one individual or a family and may also be managed by two or more individuals or families jointly. This management may be undertaken by a corporate body such as a company, a cooperative, a government agency or others. The holding land may consist of one or more parts included in one locality provided that all parts of the holding use the same production means; e.g., labor or agricultural machinery and equipment, evidently and distinctly to the extent that these parts are considered one economic unit.

    Holder:
Is an individual or legal person (company or governmental body) exercises management control over the agricultural holding and investment. Furthermore, he takes the main decisions related to the use of available resources. He is also technically and economically responsible for the holding and has the right to assume all responsibilities directly or to delegate management responsibilities to a paid manager. If two or more family members manage the same holding, the family head will be the holder.

    Total area of the Holding:
It is the area of all parts of the holding put together, including the owned area or the area rented from others and any areas held by the holder in accordance with other exploitation rights. The total area of the holding excludes the holder's area if it is rented to other. The holding consists of cultivated lands and lands occupied with a farmhouse, animal shelters, yards and roads. Dunam is used as a measurement unit to measure the holding area. One dunam is equivalent to 1,000 square meters.

    Holding Type: 
        The holding type takes one of the following forms: 
1.    Traditional Holding(Unregulated): It is the predominant type in most agricultural holdings in the Kingdom, and this type of holdings does not have to obtain prior approval or licenses from the concerned authorities, and its activity may be plant, animal or mixed production.
2.    Specialized (Regulated): It includes holdings (projects) that have been approved and licenses have been granted by the concerned authorities after submitting the technical and economic study for the establishment of such specialized holdings, whether specialized in plant or animal production, poultry farms or fish farming, or those projects that mainly follow modern non-traditional methods in the irrigation system and the use of agricultural mechanization and modern technology in agricultural production and specialization in production, whether in open or protected agriculture or in raising cows for milk production or in Fattening calves, sheep and poultry.

    Legal Entity:
    A legal entity shall be one of the following:
1.    Individual: It is the form recognized in traditional holdings in which the holder is one member or the family as a whole, especially if there is a grouping of agricultural operations performed by family members and the goods they produce uniformly.
2.    Institution: It is the form that the holder takes in investing his holdings in the form of an institution of an individual nature that has a specific organization and may have an officially recognized legal name registered with the official authorities and thus own a commercial register.
3.    Company: It is an expression of the legal entity officially registered in a legal name and in accordance with the provisions of the Commercial Companies Law in the Kingdom, so that the acquisition capital is owned by a number of individuals or bodies, among whom they form a private company of any kind (partnership company, joint-stock company, simple partnership, limited liability ... etc).
4.    Partnership: It is the one that adopts one of the methods of partnership between two or more persons in the management, financing and investment of possession, such as if one of them is a business partner or one of the partners is a financing partner so that they share the return of production from possession according to matters agreed upon between them, and here the actual holder is considered the partner who is responsible for managing the possession or the possession is his residence if he resides on the land of possession.
5.    Government Authority: In the event that the holding is returned to a government body that disposes of its resources and manages them directly or through a remunerated manager or institution, the holder is considered a government body.
6.    Cooperative: It takes one of the forms of cooperative work as a separate entity from the persons who make up the cooperative society so that each member of the association has the right to vote in making administrative, productive and organizational decisions of the association regardless of the extent of his contribution to the financing of the association or the financial contribution to its investment.
7.    Other Types: If the legal entity is not mentioned earlier, the type of legal entity must be specified in another.

    The Main Purpose of Production:    
The main purpose of production is manifested in one of the following cases: 
1.    For Sale: It is that more than 50% of the value of the production achieved during the agricultural year from the various holding activities has been allocated for sale.
With note: Production given to non-family members of the holder shall be deemed to be for sale.
2.    For Consumption: It is that more than 50% of the value of the production achieved during the agricultural year from various tenure activities has been allocated to direct household consumption, as is common in simple traditional holdings.

    Main Activity of Holding:
It is the predominant activity practiced by the holding, which is consistent with its economic return, so that it represents more than 50% of the annual return of this holding, and for the purposes of agricultural surveys, the main activity of holding has been divided into five sections: 
1.    Crop Holding: A holding in which the agricultural activity represents more than 50% of its annual income during an agricultural year, depending on various permanent and temporary winter and summer crops.
2.    Livestock Holding: It is the activity that accounts for more than 50% of the annual income of the holding realized during the agricultural year from various types of livestock animals raised on the holding (such as sheep, goats, camels, cows, draught and riding animals, etc.)
3.    Poultry Holding: The activity that represents more than 50% of the annual yield of tenure achieved during the agricultural year from various types of poultry (broiler chicken, white chicken, chicken mothers, chicken grandmothers, municipal poultry and other poultry such as ostrich, duck, geese, quail, etc.) Rabbits are also classified as poultry.
4.    Fish Holding: It is the activity that represents more than 50% of the annual return of tenure achieved during the agricultural year from fish farming and cultivation in inland waters such as fish farms specialized in fish or shrimp production.

5.    Mixed Holding: When the activity at the holding is mixed and none of its components represent more than 50% of the holding’s annual income during an agricultural year, provided that the holding practices three or more different activities from the following: (Plants, animals, poultry, fish), each of which represents less than 50% of its activity.

    Type of Specialized Agricultural Project: 
For agricultural surveys, specialized projects have been divided into 9 types as follows:
1.    Specialized Cow Farms: They are farms (projects) dedicated to raising cows for commercial purposes "whether for the purpose of producing milk and its derivatives or fattening calves", and contain stalls, breeding pens, automatic milking, refrigerated room or refrigerated tank, feed warehouse ... etc. 
2.    Broiler Farms: They are farms (projects) dedicated to raising chickens for the purpose of meat production and breeding breeds that have the ability to convert feed into meat.
3.    Laying Chicken Farms: They are farms (projects) dedicated to egg production and breeds are raised in them with a high ability to convert feed into eggs.
4.    Farms of Broiler Chicken Mothers: They are farms (projects) dedicated to the production of hatching eggs that are used for the production of broiler chickens.
5.    Farms of Grandmothers of Laying Chicken: They are farms (projects) dedicated to the production of hatching eggs that are used for the production of laying hens.
6.    Farms of Broiler Chicken Grandmothers: They are farms (projects) dedicated to the production of hatching eggs that are used for the production of broiler chicken mothers.
7.    Farms of Mothers of Laying Chickens: They are farms (projects) dedicated to the production of hatching eggs that are used for the production of laying hens.
8.    Hatchery Farms: Projects for producing different types of laying or broiler chicks or mother chickens, whether the used hatching eggs are produced by those projects, purchased from other local projects, or imported from abroad.
9.    Inland and Marine Fish Farms: They are farms (projects) dedicated to fish production, containing ponds or small lakes for fish farming within the holding, whether using freshwater or saltwater, and whether the aim of the farming is reproduction or fish production.
10.    Other Specialized Farms (Projects): They are the farms (projects) allocated other than the above, such as if the project is specialized in plant production of any type of this production, or the project specializes in the production of camels, sheep, goats, ostriches, pigeons, rabbits or quails, with the need to determine the type of project.

    Agricultural Year: 
For the purposes of agricultural surveys, the agricultural year of plant production starts from (1 March) and ends on (29 February), while for the numbers of livestock and domestic poultry, (31 December) is the day of reference to limit their numbers to holding. 

    Opened Agriculture:
It is the lands directly cultivated with various agricultural crops, with no barrier between them and various weather conditions.

    Protected Agriculture: 
It is the land covered with a protective cover made of glass, plastic, or any other material, aiming to shield plants from external factors such as light, temperature, air, and humidity, while creating a suitable environment for the growth of various plant varieties throughout the year. This method is commonly used in vegetable cultivation.

    Permanent Fruit Trees:
    They are trees that last for more than a year and bear fruit already, as most of these trees become productive after reaching a certain age, and trees that have already borne fruit and have not borne fruit or produced during the agricultural year of agricultural surveys due to climatic conditions or any other reason are considered permanent fruiting trees.

    Perennial Non-fruit Trees: 
They are trees that have not yet reached the age of production because they are newly planted and have not reached the stage of actual production.
 With note: Aging trees or other trees that have reached the age of production but have completely ceased production fall within the perennial non-fruitful trees.
    Livestock: 
Livestock has several types, which are as follows:
1.    Lamb: It is a sheep that have wool covering their bodies and includes the following breeds: (Najdi lamb, Nuaimi lamb and Hari lamb) in addition to other breeds.
2.    Goats: It is a sheep whose body is covered with hair and includes the following breeds: (Domestic goats, foreign goats and hybrid goats).
3.    Camels: Camels include the following breeds: (Local camels, foreign camels and hybrid camels).
4.    Cows: Cows include the following breeds: (Domestic cows, foreign cows and hybrid cows).

    Dairy Cows:
They are female animals, whether sheep, goats, cows or camels, whose age has reached puberty and sexual maturity to be able to conceive and give birth and become able to produce milk after birth.

    Draught, Mount and Other Animals:
They are animals produced for work in the holding by riding them or using them to pull carts or plow and are represented by donkeys, mules, horses... etc
Note: Pets such as dogs and cats are not considered draught, riding or other animals and their data are not completed in the agricultural survey forms.

    Domestic Poultry in Traditional Holdings:
Includes all poultry and birds in holdings not specialized in poultry production such as chickens, pigeons, ducks, quails, rabbits ... etc) 

    Agricultural Production:
Agricultural production is a type of production that consists of plant products that are produced from the cultivation of agricultural holdings with field crops, vegetables or permanent trees, and also consists of animal products produced from livestock breeding. It includes the amount of agricultural crops resulting from grain and fodder crops, vegetables produced openly or protected, cut flowers, fruits (including dates), the number of newborns of lamb, goats, cows and camels, the amount of milk and its products, the number of broiler chickens, the total table eggs, hatching eggs, the number of chicks and the amount of fish, in addition to by-products such as organic fertilizer, which has a great benefit.

    Sold From Production: 
The quantity of production supplied by the farmer to the markets in exchange for the price, which is part of the total production after subtracting the quantities of self-consumed and lost or damaged production, and includes agricultural crops, livestock and their products. 
Note: The production offered as gifts to entities other than the holder's family, as well as donations, are considered part of the sold production.

    Raw Milk:
It is a liquid nutrient excreted from female dairy animals (lamb, goat, cows and camels), and milk is the main component of dairy products such as curd, yogurt, cream, cheese, butter, dried milk, etc.

    Farm Capacity:
Maximum number of birds or animals that can be accommodated and raised on the farm during any day of the year during the survey year.    

    Barns:
It is the place designated for raising animals or domestic birds, and it may be in the form of other designated buildings.

    Cycles Throughout the year for "Poultry":
It is the number of productive cycles that the farmer raised during the survey year, and its period extends from the beginning of chick breeding (one day old) until the end of marketing the producing poultry to sales outlets.

    Organic Fertilizer:
It is a natural manure (manure) produced from livestock or poultry during the breeding process, and is used in fertilizing agricultural land, which is a food source for plants as an alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers because it contains a high percentage of nitrogen.

    Table Eggs: 
It is an egg intended for human eating and a product from laying hens farms.

    Hatching Eggs (Fertilized): 
It is a pollinated egg produced from farms of mothers and grandmothers of layer chicken and used in hatcheries to produce chicks for farms of broiler and layer chicken as well as mothers of layer chicken and broiler chickens.  

    Agricultural Production Requirements "Intermediate consumption":
    It means the goods actually used by the holdings or the "specialized project" during the year of agricultural surveys as a result of its agricultural production process, whether these inputs were purchased in the same year or withdrawn from stock purchased in previous years.

    Agricultural Land Uses:
Are the multiple areas on which different activities of agricultural holdings are carried out according to the methods of land use, and the uses of agricultural land are classified into several ways:
1.    Buildings & Construction:
It is a part of the total area of the holding constructed for the habitation of the owner, labor quarters, or administrative buildings of the holding. It also includes the area of silos, barns, warehouses, ponds, and water tanks. It also includes any buildings and structures existing within the holding.
Note: Record the total areas of land on which these buildings and constructions were constructed, regardless of the area of the multiple floors of the building.
2.    Nurseries in Holding: 
It is a part of the total area of the holding that is used for the production and propagation of plants, whether for internal transfer within the holding, for sale, or for both. Whether they are vegetable seedlings such as tomatoes, field crop seedlings, or fruit tree seedlings such as citrus, excluding timber tree nurseries.
3.    Permanent pastures: 
It is part of the total area of holding and is permanently exploited (for five years or more) with grassy fodder crops, whether they are sown continuously or germinate and grow naturally.
4.    Temporary Pastures: 
It is part of the total area of tenure that is grown with pastoral grasses, used to feed animals and have a life cycle of less than five years.
5.    Fallow \ Left to Rest:
It is part of the total area of holding that is temporarily left, which is usually used for agricultural production purposes, within an agricultural cycle followed in holding, and is left to rest in the agricultural season during the survey year before being cultivated in subsequent years after the survey.
6.    Non-arable Lands:
It is a part of the total area of the holding that is not suitable for planting any plant crop permanently or temporarily due to reasons such as highly saline land and rocky land.
7.    Unused Lands with Potential Production Capacity:
 It is part of the total area of the holdings left unexploited for several agricultural seasons exceeding three agricultural seasons.
8.    Non-classified Lands (not Mentioned) Elsewhere:
It is part of the total area of tenure is the agricultural areas that were not included in the classifications of land uses in the tenure and are usually the result of subtracting the areas of grain, fodder and vegetables exposed and protected, cut flowers, palm trees, permanent trees, buildings, constructions, nurseries, permanent and temporary pastures, fallow left to rest, Non-arable lands, Unused lands with potential production capacity from the total area of possession.

    Assets:
 They are non-financial assets, including fixed assets and non-producing non-financial assets:
First: Fixed (Productive) Assets: 
They are assets acquired by agricultural holdings for carrying out their production operations or for providing services (not for resale), and they are retained as long as they remain productive. Examples include buildings, transportation equipment, and machinery. These assets share advantages, the most important of which is that they do not usually perish in one fiscal year, and the basis used in evaluating them and their purpose is the same, and the nature of their financing is the same, as they are usually financed from the funds of agricultural holdings or owners of specialized agricultural projects, or relatively long-term loans. on assets during the year as a result of their participation in the production process. The types of fixed assets are as follows:
1.    Residential and Non-residential Buildings: It refers to buildings intended primarily for the residence of the holder or agricultural labor. or buildings intended primarily for non-residential purposes, including installations, facilities and equipment forming an integral part of the building, regardless of its occupancy status even if it is currently occupied wholly or partially for residential purposes.
2.    Means of Transportation (Passengers and Cargo): It is the equipment owned by the agricultural holdings and used to transport agricultural labor, employees or persons, as well as used to transport agricultural goods and products, and includes all cars and trailers.
3.    Machinery and Equipment: It includes all machinery, tillers, axial sprinklers, and other machines used in the production process, whether for the main activity or secondary activities carried out by the agricultural holding.
•    Tillers: One or more agricultural operations aimed at preparing agricultural soil by mechanically moving it. Different types of plows are used in the plowing process, depending on the purpose of plowing.
•    Axial Sprinklers: It is a machine that gives the earth water in the form of a spray or rain, the size of which is proportional to the type of soil, and the center pivot sprinkler irrigation system is one of the most widespread irrigation systems and is used to irrigate medium to large areas. The system is flexible, highly efficient and can be used to irrigate most crops and most lands.
•    Harvesters: This is a machine that harvests crops, threshes them to separate the grain from the straw, and then channels the grain into bags while depositing the straw on the ground. It combines the processes of harvesting, threshing, and winnowing into a single operation, offering high productivity, ease of use, and reduced labor density.
•    Other Machinery and Equipment: Machinery and equipment not mentioned previously and an example of this (milking machines, incinerators, generators. etc)
4.    Natural and Biological Resources: These include permanent trees, livestock intended for production and underground wells.
1.    Plant Wealth: Plant wealth assets are long-lived agricultural crops by tenure that include permanent trees and palm trees only, and other agricultural crops are not considered non-financial assets.
2.    Livestock: It includes (sheep, goats, camels, cows, horses, donkeys, and poultry) provided that the purpose of breeding in holding for a period of one year or more, and fattening is not included in the livestock assets.
3.    Underground Wells: It refers to water found in the pores of sedimentary rocks, formed over various periods ranging from recent to very ancient, spanning millions of years. This includes (artesian wells and hand-dug wells).
5.    Other fixed assets: Other fixed assets include items such as databases, computer software, and application programs. etc)

Second: Non-productive (Non-financial) Assets: Assets that cannot be reproduced, identified for agricultural surveys as(land):
6.  Lands: The most important feature of land is that it is not subject to annual depreciation like other fixed assets, because of its limited life.

    Movement of Fixed Assets During the Year:
The movement of fixed assets refers to the process of identifying the value of assets owned by the agricultural holding or project and the additions made during the year, whether the fixed assets are imported from abroad or domestically sourced, whether new or used.

    Annual Depreciation Premium: 
It is the decrease in the value of the capital asset as a result of its use in the production process during the year, including ordinary depreciation, expected obsolescence, or the normal rate of accidents. It does not include the part related to unexpected obsolescence, significant losses, or the depletion of natural resources.
The cost of depreciable fixed assets is typically allocated over its useful life span using a standard method.

    Additions (Purchases) or Improvements to Fixed Assets During the Year:
It is the value of additions made during the year to fixed assets, whether these additions are purchases, or improvements to an old asset.

    Sales or Disposals of Fixed Assets During the Year:
                 It is the value of fixed assets sold and owned by the holding or agricultural project during the year.

    Book Value: 
It is the value of the assets of the holdings or agricultural project as they appear on the balance sheet or in their books of account, and it is often the purchase price of these assets, and it can be less than its market value.
Note: The registration of non-financial assets data is subject to the following rule:
Year-end net book value = net book value at the beginning of the year – annual depreciation premium + purchases during the year (additions) – sales during the year (exclusions) "+ -" change in asset value resulting from revaluation "+ -" Other changes.

    Change in Asset Value Resulting From Revaluation: 
It is the value of changes that occur as a result of nominal acquisition gains of assets due to price inflation or as a result of a change in their value in the market.

    Other Changes: 
Changes that lead to a change in the size of assets and liabilities, not only a change in their value, and are due to abnormal events that occurred in the asset, such as the effects of wars, earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, as well as changes in the classification and structure of assets that may or may not have an impact on the net value.
Classification changes, which include stocks, in which some animals are treated as fixed assets because they are kept as dairy cattle or for their wool and may be slaughtered for meat at the end of their productive life, and here they are reclassified from fixed capital to inventories when they stop producing refined products and meat sources are classified as low fixed capital rather than drawn from stocks that do not involve a change in value.   

    Agricultural Worker: 
An individual who has worked at some time within the possession during the agricultural year of the survey, whether worked for a cash or in-kind wage. 

    The Workers: 
All individuals (Saudis and non-Saudis), males and females, who work in the establishment, including the owners of the establishment, their partners and employees, whether paid or unpaid, full-time or part-time, permanent and temporary, and who receive their wages on a daily, weekly or monthly basis, including partners and members of joint stock companies, chairmen and members of boards of directors who work in the establishment, as well as workers who enjoy paid leave.
    Total  Compensation of Employees: 
It includes all the amounts payable periodically by the holding or agricultural project to its employees during the year of wages and salaries for normal working hours and the fixed allowances given to them, in addition to all types of benefits and allowances such as housing, social insurance, insurance or transportation allowance .... And so on, this includes:
•    Annual Salaries and Wages: All cash payments paid periodically by the holding or Agricultural Project to its employees for normal working hours and fixed allowances given to him before making any deductions by the employer in respect of taxes, contributions from workers in social security and pension systems, life insurance premiums, union fees and other obligations to employees.
•    Benefits and Annual Allowances: These payments include all types of allowances and benefits such as scholarships, education and treatment payments for employed workers and their dependents, as well as payments for food or housing, transportation allowance and overtime allowance. etc
•    Insurance and Social Contributions: It means the premium borne by the holding or agricultural project for the benefit of its employees in return for their participation in the social insurance system.
    The Main source of Irrigation Water: It is the main source used for irrigation on the farm, which is:
1)    Artesian Wells: They are wells drilled automatically and at different depths according to the nature of each region and are called tubular wells.
2)    Manual Wells: They are ordinary wells dug by hand in most cases, and their depth level is lower than that of artesian wells in general.
3)    Rain: It is the water resulting from rainfall in many areas and the crops are watered from it.
4)    Other Sources of Irrigation: They are the sources from which crops are watered, such as dams, springs, cisterns, irrigation with treated water from sewage in some areas or other sources.